In recent years, the incidence of depression in China has continued to rise, and adolescents account for a prominent proportion of patients in the clinic. In severe cases, these adolescents may even commit suicide. Depression seriously endangers adolescents’ physical and mental health, academic performance, and interpersonal relationships. Depression is a common mental illness in adolescents, with a prevalence of about 4.5%. The mental health of adolescents has become an increasingly serious public health problem worldwide. The protocol for this study was registered with INPLASY (202170013). Physical exercise has a positive effect on the improvement of depression in adolescents. Physical exercise with moderate intensity is a better choice for adolescents with depression and depressive symptoms. For adolescents with depressive symptoms, aerobic exercise lasting 8 weeks, 75–120 min/time, and 3 times/week had optimum results. The effects of aerobic exercise and resistance + aerobic exercise in the subgroup of adolescents with depressive symptoms were significant, while the effect of physical and mental exercise (yoga) was not significant. For adolescents with depression, interventions lasting 6 weeks, 30 min/time, and 4 times/week had optimum results. In subgroups of different depression categories (depression or depressive symptoms), aerobic exercise was the main form of exercise for the treatment of adolescents with depression. Resultsįifteen articles, involving 19 comparisons, with a sample size of 1331, were included. A meta-analysis, subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias tests were then conducted. The methodological quality of the included articles was evaluated using the modified PEDro scale. The retrieval period started from the founding date of each database to May 1, 2021. Nine major databases at home and abroad were searched to retrieve randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on exercise interventions among adolescents with depression or depressive symptoms. This study aims to systematically evaluate the effect of physical exercise on adolescent depression in the hope of developing optimum physical exercise programs. No systematic review on the effectiveness of physical exercise for adolescents aged 12–18 years with depression or depressive symptoms has previously been conducted. Developing strategies for adolescent depression has important public health implications. Depression is widespread among adolescents and seriously endangers their quality of life and academic performance.
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